110
Estate Agents Authority Annual Report 2014/15
3. Significant Accounting Policies
(Continued)
Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised
on the statement of financial position when the EAA
becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the
instrument. Financial assets and financial liabilities are
initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that
are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of
financial assets and financial liabilities are added to or
deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or
financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.
Financial assets
The EAA’s financial assets are classified as loan and
receivables. The classification depends on the nature
and purpose of the financial assets and is determined at
the time of initial recognition. All regular way purchases
or sales of financial assets are recognised and
derecognised on a trade date basis. Regular way
purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial
assets that require delivery of assets within the time
frame established by regulation or convention in the
marketplace.
Effective interest method
The effective interest method is a method of calculating
the amortised cost of a financial asset and of allocating
interest income over the relevant period. The effective
interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated
future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid
or received that form an integral part of the effective
interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or
discounts) through the expected life of the financial
asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period to the net
carrying amount on initial recognition.
Interest income is recognised on an effective interest
basis.
Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial
assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not
quoted in an active market. Subsequent to initial
recognition, loans and receivables (including debtors,
time deposits and bank balances) are carried at
amortised cost using the effective interest method, less
any impairment losses (see accounting policy on
impairment on financial assets below).
3.
主要會計政策
（續）
金融工具
當監管局成為工具合約條文的訂
約方時，確認金融資產及金融負
債。金融資產及金融負債初步按
公平價值計量。因收購或發行金
融資產及金融負債而直接產生交
易成本，於首次確認時於該項金
融資產或金融負債的公平價值中
計入或扣除（視適用情況而定）。
金融資產
監管局的金融資產主要為貸款
及應收款項。分類視乎金融資產
的性質及目的，於初步確認時釐
定。所有定期方式購買或銷售的
金融資產以交易日期作基準確認
及取消確認。定期方式購買或銷
售指要求按規則或市場慣例所定
的時間規範內將資產運抵的金融
資產買賣。
實際利息法
實際利息法為計算債務工具於有
關期間攤銷成本以及分配利息收
入之方法。實際利率指將金融資
產於整個預計可使用年期或較短
期間內（倘適用）的估計未來現金
收入（包括屬於實際利率不可分
割部份的所有已付或已收費及
點數、交易成本及其他溢價或折
讓）剛好貼現為初步確認時賬面
淨值的利率。
就債務工具而言，利息收入按實
際利息基準確認。
貸款及應收款項
貸款及應收款項為具有固定或可
釐定付款之非衍生金融資產，該
等資產於活躍市場上並無報價。
初次確認後，貸款及應收款項
（包括應收賬款、定期存款以及
銀行結餘）乃使用實際利息法按
攤銷成本減任何減值計算（見下
文金融資產減值之會計政策）。
